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“Just a minute,” Danley interrupted. “Do you mean that a man has to have what they call ‘space experience’ before he can get any kind of job?”

Tarnhorst shook his head and was pleased to find that no nausea resulted. “No, of course not. Clerical jobs, teaching jobs, and the like don’t require that sort of training. But there’s very little chance for advancement unless you’re one of the elite. A physician, for example, wouldn’t have many patients unless he had had ‘space experience’; he wouldn’t be allowed to own or drive a space boat, and he wouldn’t be allowed to go anywhere near what are called ‘critical areas’–such as air locks, power plants, or heavy industry installations.”

“It sounds to me as though they have a very strong union,” said Danley.

“If you want to call it that, yes,” Tarnhorst said. “Anything that has anything to do with operations in space requires that sort of experience–and there are very few jobs out here that can avoid having anything to do with space. Space is only a few kilometers away.” The expression on his face showed that he didn’t much care for the thought.

“I don’t see that that’s so bad,” Danley said. “Going out there isn’t something for the unexperienced. A man who doesn’t know what he’s doing can get himself killed easily, and, what’s worse, he’s likely to take others with him.”

“You speak, of course, from experience,” Tarnhorst said with no trace of sarcasm. “I accept that. By not allowing inexperienced persons in critical areas, the Belt Companies are, at least indirectly, looking out for the welfare of the people. But we mustn’t delude ourselves into thinking that that is their prime objective. These Belt Companies are no better than the so-called ‘industrial giants’ of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The government here is farcical. The sole job is to prevent crime and to adjudicate small civil cases. Every other function of proper government–the organization of industry, the regulation of standards the subsidizing of research, the control of prices, and so on–are left to the Belt Companies or to the people. The Belt Cities are no more than what used to be called ‘company towns’.”

“I understand that,” Danley said. “But they seem to function fairly smoothly.”

Tarnhorst eyed him. “If, by, ‘smoothly functioning’, you mean the denial of the common rights of human freedom and dignity yes. Oh, they give their sop to such basic human needs as the right of every individual to be respected–but only because Earth has put pressure on them. Otherwise, people who, through no fault of their own, were unable to work or get ‘space experience’ would be unable to get jobs and would be looked down upon as pariahs.”

“You mean there are people here who have no jobs? I wouldn’t think that unemployment would be a problem out here.”

“It isn’t,” said Tarnhorst, “yet. But there are always those unfortunates who are psychologically incapable of work, and society must provide for them. The Belt Cities provide for a basic education, of course. As long as a person is going to school, he is given a stipend. But a person who has neither the ability to work nor the ability to study is an outcast, even though he is provided for by the companies. He is forced to do something to earn what should be his by right; he is given menial and degrading tasks to do. We would like to put a stop to that sort of thing, but we … ah … have no … ah … means of doing so.” He paused, as though considering whether he had said too much.

“The problem at hand,” he went on hurriedly, “is the death curve. When this technique for taking the rocks to the smelters was being worked out, the death rate was–as you might imagine–quite high. The Belt Companies had already been operating out here for a long time before the stony meteorites were mined commercially. At first, the big thing was nickel-iron. That’s what they came here to get in the beginning. That’s where most of the money still is. But the stony asteroids provide them with their oxygen.