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Mark Antony
by
Caesar was warned, but declined to take the matter seriously. He neither would arm himself nor allow guards to attend him.
On the Fifteenth of March, B. C. Forty-four, as Caesar entered the Senate the rebels crowded upon him under the pretense of handing him a petition, and at a sign fell upon him. Twenty-three of the conspirators got close enough to send their envious daggers home.
Brutus dipped his sword in the flowing blood, and waving the weapon aloft cried, “Liberty is restored!”
Two days later, Mark Antony, standing by the dead body of his beloved chief, sadly mused:
“Thou art the ruins of the noblest man
That ever lived in the tide of times.”
* * * * *
Caesar died aged fifty-six. Mark Antony, his executor, occupying the office next in importance, was thirty-nine.
In point of physique Mark Antony far surpassed Caesar: they were the same height, but Antony was almost heroic in stature and carriage, muscular and athletic. His face was comely: his nose large and straight; his eyes set wide apart; his manner martial. If he lacked in intellect, in appearance he held averages good.
Antony had occupied the high offices of questor and tribune, the first calling for literary ability, the second for skill as an orator. Caesar, the wise and diplomatic, had chosen Mark Antony as his Secretary of State on account of his peculiar fitness, especially in representing the Government at public functions. Antony had a handsome presence, a gracious tongue, and was a skilled and ready writer. Caesar himself was too great a man to be much in evidence.
In passing it is well to note that all the tales as to the dissipation and profligacy of Mark Antony in his early days come from the “Philippics” of Cicero, who made the mistake of executing Lentulus, the step-father of Mark Antony, and then felt called upon forever after to condemn the entire family. “Philippics” are always a form of self-vindication.
However, it need not be put forward that Mark Antony was by any means a paragon of virtue–a man who has been successively and successfully soldier, lawyer, politician, judge, rhetorician and diplomat is what he is. Rome was the ruler of the world; Caesar was the undisputed greatest man of Rome; and Mark Antony was the right hand of Caesar.
At the decisive battle of Pharsalia, Caesar had chosen Mark Antony to lead the left wing while he himself led the right. More than once Mark Antony had stopped the Roman army in its flight and had turned defeat into victory. In the battle with Aristobulus he was the first to scale the wall.
His personal valor was beyond cavil–he had distinguished himself in every battle in which he had taken part.
It was the first intent of the conspirators that Caesar and Antony should die together, but the fear was that the envious hate of the people toward Caesar would be neutralized by the love the soldiers bore both Caesar and Antony. So they counted on the cupidity and ambition of Antony to keep the soldiers in subjection.
Antony was kept out of the plot, and when the blow was struck he was detained at his office by pretended visitors who wanted a hearing.
When news came to him that Caesar was dead, he fled, thinking that massacre would follow. But the next day he returned and held audience with the rebels.
Antony was too close a follower of Caesar to depart from his methods. Naturally he was hasty and impulsive; but now, everything he did was in imitation of the great man he had loved.
Caesar always pardoned. Antony listened to the argument of Brutus that Caesar had been removed for the good of Rome. Brutus proposed that Antony should fill Caesar’s place as Consul or nominal dictator; and in return Brutus and Cassius were to be made governors of certain provinces–amnesty was to be given to all who were in the plot.