FullReads

Addison read each issue with surprise and amusement, but it was not until the fifth number that he located the author positively, by reading an observation of his own that he had voiced to Steele some weeks before. Steele absorbed everything, digested it, and gave the good out as his own, innocent and probably unmindful of where he got it. This accounts for his wonderful versatility: he made others grub and used the net result.

Some years ago Francis Wilson made a mock complaint to the effect that whenever he met Eugene Field in the “Saints and Sinners Corner” for a half-hour’s chat, any good thing he might voice was duly printed next day in the “Sharps and Flats” column as Field’s very own, and thus did the genial Eugene acquire his reputation as a genius. All of which gentle gibing contains more fact than fiction.

When Addison saw his bright thoughts appearing in the “Tatler,” he went to Steele and said, “Here, I’ll write that out myself and save you the trouble.” Steele welcomed him with open arms. The first “Tatler” article written by Addison relates to the distress of news-writers at the prospect of peace. This is exactly in Steele’s style; but we find erelong in the “Tatler” a spiritual quality that was not a part of Steele’s nature. From current gossip and easy society commonplace, the tone is exalted, and this we know was the result of Addison’s influence. Out of two hundred seventy-one articles in the “Tatler,” one hundred eighty-eight were produced by Steele and forty-two by Addison. Yet Steele was wise enough to perceive the superior quality of Addison’s work, and this dictated the key in which the magazine was pitched. Yet the fertility of Steele surpassed that of Addison. Steele initiated the crusade against gambling, dueling and vice; and this was all very natural, for he simply inveighed against sins with which experience had made him familiar. His moral essays were all written in periods of repentance. His sharp tirades on dueling in one instance approached the point of personality, and on being criticized, he resented the interference and expressed a willingness to fight his man with pistols at ten paces. It must not be forgotten that Richard Steele was an Irishman.

The political tone of the “Tatler” favored the Marlborough administration, and on this account Steele was rewarded with a snug office under the wing of the State. In Seventeen Hundred Ten, the Whig Ministry fell, but Lord Harley knew the value of Steele as a writer, and so notified him that he would not be disturbed in possession of his Stamp Office.

Now, a complete silence concerning things political in the “Tatler” was hardly possible, and a change of front would be humiliating, and whether to give up the “Tatler” or the office–that was the question! Addison was in the same box. The offices they held brought them in twice as much money as the little periodical, and either the patronage or the paper would have to go. They decided to abandon the “Tatler.”

But the habit of writing sticks to a man; and after two months Steele and Addison began to feel the necessity of some outlet for their pent-up thoughts. They had each grown with their work, and were aware of it. They would start a new paper, and make it a daily; and they would keep clear of politics. So we find the “Spectator” duly launched with the intended purpose of forming “a rational standard of conduct in morals, manners, art and literature.”

Every good thing has its prototype, and Addison in Italy had become familiar with the force of “Manners” by Casa, and the “Courtier” by Castiglione. Then he knew the character of La Bruyere, and this gave the cue for the Spectator Club, with Sir Roger de Coverley, Sir Andrew Freeport, Will Honeycomb, Captain Sentry and the Templar.

Swift had contributed several papers to the “Tatler,” but he found the “Spectator” too soft and feminine for his fancy. Probably Steele and Addison were afraid of the doughty Dean’s style; there was too much vitriol in it for popularity–and they kept the Irish parson at a distance, as certain letters to “Stella” seem to indicate. The “Spectator” was a notable success from the start and soon put Steele and Addison in comfortable financial shape.