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To begin with Lucilius the Inventer of Satire; what liberty, or rather what license did he not indulge in his Works? They were not only Poets and Authors whom he attack’d, they were People of the first Quality in Rome, and Consular Persons. However Scipio and Laelius did not judge that Poet (so determin’d a Laugher as he was) unworthy of their Friendship; and probably upon occasion no more refus’d him, than they did Terence, their advice on his Writings: They never thought of espousing the part of Lupus and Metellus, whom he ridicul’d in his Satires, nor imagin’d they gave up any part of their own Character in leaving to his Mercy all the Coxcombs of the Nation.

—- num Laelius, aut qui
Duxit ab oppressa meritum Carthagine nomen,
Ingenio offensi, aut laeso doluere Metello
Famosisve Lupo co-operto versibus?

In a word, Lucilius spar’d neither the Small nor the Great, and often from the Nobles and the Patricians he stoop’d to the Lees of the People.

Primores populi arripuit populumq; tributim.

It may be said that Lucilius liv’d in a Republick where those sort of liberties might be permitted. Look then upon Horace, who liv’d under an Emperor in the beginnings of a Monarchy (the most dangerous time in the world to laugh) who is there whom he has not satiriz’d by name? Fabius the great Talker, Tigellius the Fantastick, Nasidienus the Impertinent, Nomentanus the Debauchee, and whoever came at his Quill’s end. They may answer that these are fictitious Names: an excellent Answer indeed! As if those whom he attack’d were no better known; as if we were ignorant that Fabius was a Roman Knight who compos’d a Treatise of Law, that Tigellius was a Musician favour’d by Augustus, that Nasidienus Rufus was a famous Coxcomb in Rome, that Cassius Nomentanus was one of the most noted Rakes in Italy. Certainly those who talk in this manner, are not conversant with ancient Writers, nor extreamly instructed in the affairs of the Court of Agustus. Horace is not contented with calling people by their Names ; he seems so afraid they should be mistaken, that he gives us even their Sir-names; nay tells us the Trade they follow’d, or the Employments they exercis’d. Observe for Example how he speaks of Aufidius Luscus Praetor of Fundi.

Fundos Aufidio Lusco Praetore libenter
Linquimus, insani ridentes praemia scribae
Praetextam & latum clavum, etc.

We were glad to leave (says he) the Town of Fundi of which one Aufidius Luscus was Praeator, but it was not without laughing heartily at the folly of this man, who having been a Clerk, took upon him the Airs of a Senator and a Person of Quality. Could a Man be describ’d more precisely? and would not the Circumstances only be sufficient to make him known? Will they say that Aufidius was then dead? Horace speaks of a Voyage made some time since. And how will my Censors account for this other passage?

Turgidus Alpinus jugulat dum Memnona, dumque
Diffingit Rheni luteum caput: haec ego ludo.